3S Software’s CoDeSys: Insecure by Design
My last project before joining IOActive was “breaking” 3S Software’s CoDeSys PLC runtime for Digital Bond. Before the assignment, I had a fellow security nut give me some tips on this project to get me off the ground, but unfortunately this person cannot be named. You know who you are, so thank you, mystery person. The PLC runtime is pretty cool, from a hacker perspective. CoDeSys is an unusual ladder logic runtime for a number of reasons. Different vendors have different strategies for executing ladder logic. Some run ladder logic…
The WECC / NERC Wash-up
Last week in San Diego, IOActive spoke at both the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) and NERC GridSec (GridSecCon) conferences. WECC is primarily an auditor audience and NERC-CIP is compliance-focused, while GridSecCon is the community and technical security authority for the electricity industry in the U.S. There was a great turnout for both conferences, with more than 200 attendees across three days per conference. IOActive security researcher Eireann Leverett presented “The Last Gasp of the Industrial Air-Gap…”at WECC and participated in a discussion…
SexyDefense Gets Real
As some of you know by now, the recent focus of my research has been defense. After years of dealing almost exclusively with offensive research, I realized that we have been doing an injustice to ourselves as professionals. After all, we eventually get to help organizations protect themselves (having the mindset that the best way to learn defense is to study the offensive techniques), but nevertheless, when examining how organizations practice defense one has a feeling of missing something. For far too long the practice (and art?) of defense has…
Impressions from Ekoparty
Another ekoparty took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and for a whole week, Latin America had the chance to meet and get in touch with the best researchers in this side of the world. A record-breaking number of 150 entries were received and analysed by the excellent academic committee formed by Cesar Cerrudo, Nico Waisman, Sebastian Muñiz, Gerardo Richarte, Juliano Rizzo. There were more than 1500 people who enjoyed of 20 talks without any interruption, except when the Mariachis played. Following last year’s ideas, when ekoparty became the last bastion…
Stripe CTF 2.0 Write-Up
Hello, World! I had the opportunity to play and complete the 2012 Stripe CTF 2.0 this weekend. I would have to say this was one of the most enjoyable CTF’s I’ve played by far. They did an excellent job. I wanted to share with you a detailed write-up of the levels, why they’re vulnerable, and how to exploit them. It’s interesting to see how multiple people take different routes on problems, so I’ve included some of the solutions by Michael Milvich (IOActive), Ryan O’Horo(IOActive), Ryan Linn(Spiderlabs), as well as my own (Joseph…
One Mail to Rule Them All
This small research project was conducted over a four-week period a while back, so current methods may differ as password restoration methods change. While writing this blog post, the Gizmodo writer Mat Honan’s account was hacked with some clever social engineering that ultimately brought numerous small bits and pieces of information together into one big chunk of usable data. The downfall in all this is that different services use different alternative methods to reset passwords: some have you enter the last four digits of your credit card and some would…
The Value of Data
Have you ever entered an office and seen a pile of money sitting unattended and easily accessible on a desk? How many people in your company have a key or combination to a safe with money inside and can open that safe without any controls? Do you leave money in a non-secure place that everyone knows about and can freely access? Your probable answer to all these questions is NO, which makes sense—what doesn’t make sense is how so many companies don’t think the same way about data….
Inside Flame: You Say Shell32, I Say MSSECMGR
When I was reading the CrySyS report on Flame (sKyWIper)[1], one paragraph, in particular, caught my attention: In case of sKyWIper, the code injection mechanism is stealthier such that the presence of the code injection cannot be determined by conventional methods such as listing the modules of the corresponding system processes (winlogon, services, explorer). The only trace we found at the first sight is that certain memory regions are mapped with the suspicious READ, WRITE and EXECUTE protection flags, and they can only be grasped via…
Old Tricks, New Targets
Just a few days ago, Digitalbond announced that they had been victims of a spear phishing attack. An employee received an email linking to a malicious zip file, posing as a legitimate .pdf paper related to industrial control systems security. Therefore, the bait used by the attackers was supposedly attracting targets somehow involved with the ICS community.
QR Fuzzing Fun
QR codes [1] have become quite popular due to their fast readability and large storage capacity to send information. It is very easy to find QR codes anywhere these days with encoded information such as a URL, phone number, vCard information, etc. There exist tons of apps on smartphones that are able to read / scan QR codes. The table below shows some of the most common apps and libraries for the major mobile platforms – keep in mind that there are many more apps than listed here….