In accordance with our Responsible Disclosure Policy¹, we are sharing this previously unpublished, original cybersecurity research, since the manufacturer of the affected products in the Wideye brand, Addvalue Technologies Ltd., has been non-responsive for more than 3-years after our initial disclosure and we have seen similar vulnerabilities exploited in the wild during the War in Ukraine.² IOActive disclosed the results of the research back in 2019 and successfully connected with AddValue Technologies Ltd, the vulnerable vendor. Unfortunately, we have not received any feedback from the manufacturer after providing the coordinated, responsible disclosure of the report in 2019.

Depending on where in the world you live or work, you may be familiar with satellite internet. A variety of equipment and services exist in this field, ranging from large-scale static installations to smaller, portable equipment for use in the field or where larger installations are not possible. Satellite internet systems also make connectivity and communication possible under circumstances where traditional communication infrastructure is unavailable due to natural disaster, isolation, or deliberate disruption. In such situations, maintaining availability and ensuring these systems are well secured is of vital importance.

IOActive and others have done work on commercial satellite communication (SATCOM) terminals. Unfortunately, we have yet to see a significant improvement in this industry’s security posture. Back in 2014,³ Ruben Santamarta presented the findings documented in a whitepaper titled “A Wake-Up call for SATCOM Security.” In 2018⁴ he presented another whitepaper, “Last Call for SATCOM Security,” where he shared a plethora of vulnerabilities and real-world attack scenarios against multiple SATCOM terminals across different sectors. These dense, extensively referenced whitepapers, include an introduction to SATCOM architecture and threat scenarios, as well as definitions of some key technical terms.

The iSavi⁵ and SABRE Ranger 5000⁶ Satellite Terminals, produced by Wideye⁷, were included in IOActive’s SATCOM research. iSavi is an affordable, personal satellite terminal developed for Inmarsat’s⁸ IsatHub service. It is lightweight, highly portable, and quick and easy to set up with no technical expertise or training needed. iSavi is intended as a personal device and may not have a publicly accessible IP address. The SABRE Ranger 5000 is a compact machine-to-machine (M2M) satellite terminal. It is intended to be connected 24/7, provides remote access to equipment, and is used in SCADA applications.

IOActive conducted a black-box security assessment of these two devices in order to identify their attack surfaces and determine their overall security posture. This included dynamic penetration testing using both industry-standard techniques as well as tools and techniques developed by IOActive. Dynamic testing included network and physical interfaces. Additionally, we performed static analysis of device firmware, consisting of binary reverse engineering and review.

IOActive identified numerous security issues, spanning multiple domains and vulnerability classes. Several the identified vulnerabilities have the potential to lead to full or partial device and communication compromise, as well as leak information about components of the system, including GPS location coordinates, to unauthorized parties. The issues can be grouped in the following broad categories:

1. Authentication and Credential Management
2. Data Parsing
3. Networking
4. Firmware Security
5. Information Disclosure

IOActive found the overall security posture of the Wideye iSavi and Ranger systems to be poor. In some areas, attempts were made to secure the devices, but these attempts proved inadequate. In other areas, no attempts were made at all, even in areas where specific threats are well established in the realm of device security.

IOActive provided coordinated, responsible disclosure to the manufacturer in 2019, but have not received any feedback after numerous attempts.

As it has been more than three years and there is clear, public information that vulnerabilities in SATCOM terminals are actively being exploited by nation-state threat actors,⁹ we believe it is in the best interests for us to disclose this information so that all stakeholders can make informed risk decisions and respond to these threats.

As of the posting of this blog entry, IOActive has confirmed that all the initially disclosed vulnerabilities are still present in the most current, publicly available firmware images from the Wideye website.

Due to these heightened risks, IOActive will be releasing the full details of the vulnerabilities in both the iSavi and Ranger 5000 satellite terminals in approximately 14-days.

We are offering the additional two-week window to allow impacted stakeholders to assess their risks and put compensating controls in place.

You can read additional details about our decision to publicly disclose this research in the blog post here.

 

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