By exploiting an SQL injection vulnerability, a malicious application without any permission granted could retrieve all entries from the Download Provider, bypassing all currently implemented access control mechanisms. Also, applications that were granted limited permissions, such as INTERNET, can also access all database contents from a different URI.
The information retrieved from this provider may include potentially sensitive information such as file names, descriptions, titles, paths, URLs (that may contain sensitive parameters in the query strings), etc., for applications such as Gmail, Chrome, or the Google Play Store.
Further access to the downloaded contents may be possible as well, depending on the permissions granted to the app and files.